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		<h1>Linux 命令- ping</h1>
	
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		<span class="article__date">2017-10-12</span><br />
		
		
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			  	<a class="article__tag-link" href="/tags/Linux命令/">Linux命令</a>
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		<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Linux系统的ping命令是常用的网络命令，它通常用来测试与目标主机的连通性，我们经常会说“ping一下某机器，看是不是开着”、不能打开网页时会说“你先ping网关地址192.168.1.1试试”。它通过发送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST数据包到网络主机（send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts），并显示响应情况，这样我们就可以根据它输出的信息来确定目标主机是否可访问（但这不是绝对的）。有些服务器为了防止通过ping探测到，通过防火墙设置了禁止ping或者在内核参数中禁止ping，这样就不能通过ping确定该主机是否还处于开启状态。<br>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有区别,linux下ping不会自动终止,需要按ctrl+c终止或者用参数-c指定要求完成的回应次数。</p>
<h2 id="1-命令格式"><a href="#1-命令格式" class="headerlink" title="1.命令格式"></a>1.命令格式</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping [参数] [主机名或IP地址]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2-命令功能"><a href="#2-命令功能" class="headerlink" title="2.命令功能"></a>2.命令功能</h2><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ping命令用于：确定网络和各外部主机的状态；跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题；测试、评估和管理网络。如果主机正在运行并连在网上，它就对回送信号进行响应。每个回送信号请求包含一个网际协议（IP）和 ICMP 头，后面紧跟一个 tim 结构，以及来填写这个信息包的足够的字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求直到接收到中断信号（Ctrl-C)。</p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ping 命令每秒发送一个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印一行输出。ping 命令计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息，并且在完成之后显示一个简要总结。ping 命令在程序超时或当接收到 SIGINT 信号时结束。Host 参数或者是一个有效的主机名或者是因特网地址。</p>
<h2 id="3-命令参数"><a href="#3-命令参数" class="headerlink" title="3.命令参数"></a>3.命令参数</h2><ul>
<li>-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。</li>
<li>-f  极限检测。大量且快速地送网络封包给一台机器，看它的回应。</li>
<li>-n 只输出数值。</li>
<li>-q 不显示任何传送封包的信息，只显示最后的结果。</li>
<li>-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的网络接口是否有问题。</li>
<li>-R 记录路由过程。</li>
<li>-v 详细显示指令的执行过程。</li>
<li><p>-c 数目：在发送指定数目的包后停止。</p></li>
<li>-i 秒数：设定间隔几秒送一个网络封包给一台机器，预设值是一秒送一次。</li>
<li>-I 网络界面：使用指定的网络界面送出数据包。</li>
<li>-l 前置载入：设置在送出要求信息之前，先行发出的数据包。</li>
<li>-p 范本样式：设置填满数据包的范本样式。</li>
<li>-s 字节数：指定发送的数据字节数，预设值是56，加上8字节的ICMP头，一共是64ICMP数据字节。</li>
<li>-t 存活数值：设置存活数值TTL的大小。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-使用实例"><a href="#4-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="4.使用实例"></a>4.使用实例</h2><h3 id="实例1：ping的通的情况"><a href="#实例1：ping的通的情况" class="headerlink" title="实例1：ping的通的情况"></a>实例1：ping的通的情况</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping 192.168.120.205</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping 192.168.120.205</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例2：ping不通的情况"><a href="#实例2：ping不通的情况" class="headerlink" title="实例2：ping不通的情况"></a>实例2：ping不通的情况</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping 192.168.120.202</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping 192.168.120.202</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line">From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms</div><div class="line">, pipe 4</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例3：ping网关"><a href="#实例3：ping网关" class="headerlink" title="实例3：ping网关"></a>实例3：ping网关</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping -b 192.168.120.1</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># route</span></div><div class="line">Kernel IP routing table</div><div class="line">Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface</div><div class="line">192.168.120.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0</div><div class="line">192.168.0.0     192.168.120.1   255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth0</div><div class="line">10.0.0.0        192.168.120.1   255.0.0.0       UG    0      0        0 eth0</div><div class="line">default         192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping -b 192.168.120.1</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例4：ping指定次数"><a href="#实例4：ping指定次数" class="headerlink" title="实例4：ping指定次数"></a>实例4：ping指定次数</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping -c 10 192.168.120.206</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping -c 10 192.168.120.206</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping"><a href="#实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping" class="headerlink" title="实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping"></a>实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例6：通过域名ping公网上的站点"><a href="#实例6：通过域名ping公网上的站点" class="headerlink" title="实例6：通过域名ping公网上的站点"></a>实例6：通过域名ping公网上的站点</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping -c 5 www.58.com</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">peida-VirtualBox ~ <span class="comment"># ping -c 5 www.58.com</span></div><div class="line">PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms</div><div class="line">64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- www.58.com ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms</div><div class="line">peida-VirtualBox ~ <span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实例7：多参数使用"><a href="#实例7：多参数使用" class="headerlink" title="实例7：多参数使用"></a>实例7：多参数使用</h3><p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>命令</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>输出</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment"># ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206</span></div><div class="line">PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms</div><div class="line">1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---</div><div class="line">15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms</div><div class="line">rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms</div><div class="line">[root@localhost ~]<span class="comment">#</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<strong>说明</strong></p>
<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-i 3 发送周期为 3秒 -s 设置发送包的大小为1024 -t 设置TTL值为 255</p>

	

	
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